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Fig. 2 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Utilization of fluid-based biomarkers as endpoints in disease-modifying clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Fig. 2

Proportion of biomarker or biomarker combinations used in CSF or blood. Trials including CSF biomarkers as endpoints (A) per phase (phase 1: N = 18; phase 2: N = 48; phase 3 and 4: N = 12). Trials including blood biomarkers as endpoints (B) per phase (phase 1: N = 19; phase 2: N = 60; phase 3 and 4: N = 11). Other biomarkers included GFAP, NFL, YKL-40, inflammatory cytokines, and mechanism specific biomarkers

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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193