Fig. 3
From: High cognitive reserve attenuates the risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic diseases
Sex differences in the relationship between cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and cognitive reserve (CR) level on dementia risk. Results from Cox regression models adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, hypertension, depression, and APOE ε4 carrier status. For sex-stratified analyses, CR was calculated separately in males and females (eFigure 2). See eTable 8–9 for additional results. Significant differences between the CMD/moderate-to-high CR and CMD/low CR groups were assessed by repeating the models using the CMD/low CR group as the reference.