Table 2 Associations of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and cognitive reserve (CR) level with incident dementia
From: High cognitive reserve attenuates the risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic diseases
CMD/CR status | No. of subjects | All-cause dementia (n = 6,600 cases) | Alzheimer’s disease (n = 2,866 cases) | Vascular dementia (n = 1,547 cases) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multi-Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Basic Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multi-Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Basic Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multi-Adjusted HR (95% CI) | ||||
CMD status | |||||||||
CMD-free | 172,776 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
CMDs | 43,402 | 1.81 (1.72–1.91) | 1.74 (1.65–1.84) | 1.50 (1.39–1.63) | 1.53 (1.40–1.67) | 2.78 (2.51–3.09) | 2.41 (2.17–2.69) | ||
1 CMD | 36,441 | 1.62 (1.53–1.72) | 1.57 (1.48–1.67) | 1.40 (1.28–1.53) | 1.42 (1.30–1.56) | 2.26 (2.01–2.53) | 2.02 (1.79–2.28) | ||
≥2 CMDs | 6,961 | 2.88 (2.63–3.15) | 2.79 (2.54–3.07) | 2.11 (1.81–2.45) | 2.24 (1.91–2.62) | 5.67 (4.88–6.59) | 4.79 (4.08–5.62) | ||
Greater number of CMDs | 1.65 (1.59–1.71) | 1.63 (1.57–1.70) | 1.42 (1.33–1.51) | 1.47 (1.37–1.57) | 2.29 (2.15–2.45) | 2.15 (1.99–2.32) | |||
CR level | |||||||||
Low CR | 58,978 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Moderate CR | 87,271 | 0.79 (0.74–0.83) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | 0.70 (0.62–0.78) | 0.77 (0.69–0.87) | ||
High CR | 69,929 | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 0.65 (0.59–0.72) | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | 0.48 (0.42–0.55) | 0.59 (0.52–0.68) | ||
Higher CR level | 0.80 (0.78–0.83) | 0.86 (0.84–0.89) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 0.85 (0.81–0.90) | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | |||