Table 4 Association of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) status and cognitive reserve (CR) level with neuroimaging measures
From: High cognitive reserve attenuates the risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic diseases
CMD and CR status | No. of subjects | Markers of Neurodegeneration | Â | Markers of Vascular Damage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gray Matter Volume | Hippocampal Volume | Â | White Matter Hyperintensity Volume | Fractional Anisotropy | Mean Diffusivity | |||
β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) |  | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||
CMD status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
CMD-free | 11,880 | Reference | Reference | Â | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
CMDs | 1,783 | -0.18 (-0.22, -0.13) | -0.13 (-0.18, -0.08) | Â | 0.06 (0.02, 0.11) | -0.05 (-0.11, 0.01) | 0.08 (0.02, 0.13) | |
CR level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Low CR | 1,499 | Reference | Reference | Â | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Moderate CR | 5,147 | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.12) | Â | 0.00 (-0.05, 0.05) | -0.03 (-0.09, 0.03) | 0.05 (-0.02, 0.11) | |
High CR | 7,017 | 0.27 (0.22, 0.32) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.20) | Â | 0.00 (-0.05, 0.05) | 0.02 (-0.04, 0.08) | 0.05 (-0.01, 0.11) | |
Joint Exposure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
CMDs | CR level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CMD-free | High | 6,171 | Reference | Reference | Â | Reference | Reference | Reference |
CMD-free | Moderate | 4,430 | -0.13 (-0.16, -0.09) | -0.07 (-0.11, -0.03) | Â | 0.00 (-0.03, 0.04) | -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01) | 0.01 (-0.03, 0.05) |
CMD-free | Low | 1,279 | -0.26 (-0.31, -0.21) | -0.11 (-0.17, -0.05) | Â | 0.00 (-0.06, 0.05) | -0.02 (-0.08, 0.04) | -0.06 (-0.13, -0.01) |
CMDs | High | 846 | -0.14 (-0.20, -0.08) | -0.07 (0.14, -0.01) | Â | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13) | -0.06 (-0.14, 0.02) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.17) |
CMDs | Moderate | 717 | -0.33 (-0.39, -0.26) | -0.21 (-0.29, -0.14) | Â | 0.05 (-0.01, 0.12) | -0.09 (-0.18, -0.01) | 0.06 (-0.03, 0.14) |
CMDs | Low | 220 | -0.47 (-0.58, -0.36) | -0.42 (-0.55, -0.29) | Â | 0.08 (-0.04, 0.20) | -0.09 (-0.23, 0.06) | 0.05 (-0.19, 0.20) |