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Table 1 Characteristics of the whole cohort by sex and diagnosis

From: Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer’s disease

 

AD women

AD men

 

CU women

CU men

 

AD-CU women

AD-CU men

Patient characteristics

 

P

  

P

P

P

 N

180 (57.9)

131 (42.1)

 

47 (44.8)

58 (55.2)

   

 Age, years

70.0 (66.0; 74.0)

72.0 (68.0; 75.0)

0.05

71.0 (69.0; 75.0)

70.0 (66.8; 76.0)

0.40

0.046

0.82

 BMIa

23.3 (20.2; 27.2)

24.8 (22.9; 27.5)

0.008

NA

NA

   

 APOE ε4 positivea N (%)

125 (78.1)

83 (70.3)

0.14

20 (44.4)

17 (30.9)

0.16

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

CSF AD core biomarkers

 Amyloid-β42 (pg/ml)

549.0 (470.8; 650.8)

570 (450.0; 670.0)

0.82

702.0 (513.0; 830.0)

765.5 (580.8; 878.8)

0.34

†

†

 Phosphorylated tau181 (pg/ml)

92.0 (64.0; 116.8)

86.0 (60.0; 106.0)

0.18

58.0 (45.0; 70.0)

54.0 (41.5; 66.8)

0.48

†

†

Pathological CSF AD core biomarkers

 Amyloid-β42, N(%)

149 (82.8)

105 (80.2)

0.56

13 (27.7)

13 (22.4)

0.54

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Phosphorylated tau181, N(%)

108 (60.0)

74 (56.5)

0.54

20 (42.6)

21 (36.2)

0.51

0.03

0.01

CSF inflammatory markers

 Neopterin (nM)

23.2 (19.3; 28.9)

24.7 (20.0; 29.5)

0.23

30.6 (27.2; 35.1)

27.1 (23.1; 32.2)

0.005

 < 0.001

0.004

 IP-10 (ng/mL)a

1.9 (1.4; 2.4)

1.8 (1.5; 2.5)

0.37

1.3 (1.1; 1.9)

1.2 (0.9; 1.6)

0.13

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

CSF kynurenine metabolites

       

 Tryptophan (µM)

2.5 (2.2;2.9)

2.7 (2.4; 3.0)

0.008

2.7 (2.3; 3.1)

2.9 (2.5; 3.4)

0.045

0.06

0.02

 Kynurenine (nM)

49.9 (41.8; 61.9)

56.9 (46.5; 70.9)

 < 0.001

51.9 (43.7; 70.3)

54.2 (48.3; 69.6)

0.34

0.15

0.93

 Kynurenic acid (nM)

3.5 (2.5; 4.7)

3.7 (2.6; 5.3)

0.33

2.5 (1.7; 4.1)

2.9 (2.1; 4.1)

0.48

0.013

0.008

 Anthranilic acid (nM)

8.6 (6.7; 12.2)

7.9 (6.2; 10.6)

0.06

11.3 (8.6; 13.6)

9.9 (7.1; 14.6)

0.32

0.002

0.005

 3-hydroxykynurenine (nM)

4.2 (3.4; 6.1)

4.6 (3.7; 6.8)

0.04

4.3 (3.3; 5.6)

4.7 (3.9; 7.3)

0.1

0.8

0.67

 Picolinic acid (nM)

21.4 (16.9; 28.1)

26.4 (20.7; 34.8)

 < 0.001

18.9 (14.7; 22.7)

22.2 (17.9; 28.3)

0.015

0.013

0.004

 Quinolinic acid (nM)

29.1 (21.9; 40.2)

37.6 (27.9: 48.2)

 < 0.001

34.0 (27.0; 47.8)

42.7 (29.8; 62.9)

0.11

0.011

0.14

 KTR

20.2 (16.3; 23.2)

21.3 (17.3; 25.8)

0.1

19.9 (17.0; 24.5)

19.5 (16.8; 23.7)

0.62

0.65

0.16

 KA/QA ratio

0.12 (0.08; 0.16)

0.10 (0.07; 0.13)

0.001

0.08 (0.06; 0.1)

0.08 (0.05; 0.1)

0.61

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as N (%) using χ2 test and median (Q1; Q3) using Mann–Whitney U test, significant differences P < .01 in bold, % = valid percent without missing, a = missing APOE data in 33 patients and 7 CU; missing BMI in 53 patients and all controls; missing IP-10 in 124 patients, † = comparison not possible due to inter-laboratory variability. Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE apolipoprotein E, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CU cognitively unimpaired, IP-10 interferon-γ induced protein 10, KA kynurenic acid, KTR kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, NA not available, QA quinolinic acid
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193