Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study population
Characteristic | Total (N = 187) | CHIPSt1 (N = 63) | CHIPSt2 (N = 62) | CHIPSt3 (N = 62) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHIPS score, median (IQR) | 12 (5.0; 24.5) | 4.0 (2.0;5.0) | 12.0 (9.0;14.0) | 34.5 (25.0;42.0) | < 0.01 |
Age, years | 75.2\(\:\pm\:\)5.4 | 73.8\(\:\pm\:\)5.0 | 75.3\(\:\pm\:\)5.6 | 76.4\(\:\pm\:\)5.2 | 0.02 |
Female, No. (%) | 105 (56.2) | 32 (50.8) | 38 (61.3) | 35 (56.5) | 0.50 |
Education, years | 12.0 (6.0; 14.0) | 12.0 (6.0;14.0) | 10.5 (6.0;16.0) | 11.5 (6.0;14.0) | 0.89 |
Medical history, No. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 102 (54.5) | 24 (38.1) | 35 (56.5) | 43 (69.4) | < 0.01 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 51 (27.3) | 15 (23.8) | 17 (27.4) | 19 (30.6) | 0.69 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 73 (39.0) | 23 (36.5) | 23 (37.1) | 27 (43.5) | 0.67 |
 Smoking | 58 (31.0) | 25 (39.7) | 18 (29.0) | 15 (24.2) | 0.16 |
 Previous history of stroke | 19 (10.2) | 3 (4.8) | 4 (6.5) | 12 (19.4) | 0.01 |
 Previous history of CAD | 42 (22.5) | 15 (23.8) | 13 (21.0) | 14 (22.6) | 0.93 |
APOE e4 carriers | 29 (17.7) | 11 (21.6) | 11 (19.3) | 7 (12.5) | 0.44 |
Baseline MMSE | 25.0 (22.0; 27.5) | 27.0 (25.0; 28.0) | 25.0 (21.0; 27.0) | 24.0 (20.0; 27.0) | < 0.01 |
Cognitive domain functions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Attention z-score | -0.28\(\:\pm\:\)1.19 | -0.05\(\:\pm\:1.14\) | -0.09\(\:\pm\:\)1.29 | -0.72\(\:\pm\:\)1.00 | < 0.01 |
 Language z-score | -1.11\(\:\pm\:\)2.05 | -0.89\(\:\pm\:\)1.80 | -1.21\(\:\pm\:\)1.89 | -1.23\(\:\pm\:\)2.41 | 0.58 |
 Visuospatial z-score | -1.25\(\:\pm\:\)2.16 | -0.90\(\:\pm\:\)2.04 | -1.40\(\:\pm\:\)2.15 | -1.43\(\:\pm\:\)2.26 | 0.30 |
 Memory z-score | -1.52\(\:\pm\:\)1.18 | -1.78\(\:\pm\:\)1.13 | -1.63\(\:\pm\:\)1.21 | -1.76\(\:\pm\:\)1.14 | 0.02 |
 Frontal z-score | -1.48\(\:\pm\:\)1.81 | -0.98\(\:\pm\:\)1.89 | -1.60\(\:\pm\:\)1.69 | -1.99\(\:\pm\:\)1.68 | < 0.01 |
Deep WMH, Fazekas grade 2 or more, median (IQR) | 44 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 9 (14.5) | 35 (56.5) | < 0.01 |
Periventricular WMH, Fazekas grade 3, median (IQR) | 38 (20.3) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (6.5) | 32 (51.6) | < 0.01 |
Lacunes | 50 (26.7) | 8 (12.7) | 16 (25.8) | 26 (41.9) | < 0.01 |
Cerebral microbleeds | 81 (43.3) | 19 (30.2) | 25 (40.3) | 37 (59.7) | < 0.01 |
 Deep | 46 (24.6) | 8 (12.7) | 12 (19.4) | 26 (41.9) | < 0.01 |
 Lobar | 47 (25.1) | 11 (17.5) | 13 (21.0) | 23 (37.1) | 0.03 |
 Infratentorial | 27 (14.4) | 5 (7.9) | 7 (11.3) | 15 (24.2) | 0.02 |
Enlarged perivascular spaces | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Basal Ganglia |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 0 | 4 (2.1) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (4.8) | 0 (0) |  |
 1–10 | 65 (34.8) | 30 (47.6) | 16 (25.8) | 19 (30.7) | |
 11–20 | 85 (45.5) | 28 (44.4) | 33 (53.2) | 24 (38.7) | |
 20–40 | 23 (12.3) | 3 (4.8) | 9 (14.5) | 11 (17.7) | |
 41 or more | 10 (5.4) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 8 (12.9) | |
Centrum Semiovale | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.03 |
 0 | 6 (3.2) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 4 (6.5) |  |
 1–10 | 56 (30.0) | 23 (36.5) | 10 (16.1) | 23 (37.1) | |
 11–20 | 65 (34.8) | 22 (34.9) | 22 (35.5) | 21 (33.9) | |
 20–40 | 45 (24.1) | 15 (23.8) | 21 (33.9) | 9 (14.5) | |
 41 or more | 15 (8.0) | 2 (3.2) | 8 (12.9) | 5 (8.1) | |
Total SVD score | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.18 |
 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) |  |
 1 | 30 (16.0) | 13 (20.6) | 9 (14.5) | 8 (12.9) | |
 2 | 85 (45.5) | 31 (49.2) | 28 (45.2) | 26 (41.9) | |
 3 | 61 (32.6) | 18 (28.6) | 23 (37.1) | 20 (32.3) | |
 4 | 9 (4.8) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 7 (11.3) | |
BF volume (x 10²) | 3.71\(\:\pm\:\)0.54 | 3.81\(\:\pm\:\)0.55 | 3.78\(\:\pm\:\)0.52 | 3.52\(\:\pm\:\)0.50 | < 0.01 |