Table 1 Cohort descriptive statistics

N

264

132

132^e

Age

71.1 ± 8.2

73.4 ± 7.6

68.8 ± 8.1

Sex, N(%) Female

92 (34.8)

46 (34.8)

46 (34.8)

Education, yrs

16.9 ± 2.3

17.5 ± 2.0

16.2 ± 2.5

Race, N(%)

White

226 (89.3)

114 (87.0)

112 (91.8)

Asian^a

15 (6.0)

11 (8.5)

4 (3.2)

Black

7 (2.8)

3 (2.3)

4 (3.3)

Unknown/Refused

5 (2.0)

3 (2.3)

2 (1.6)

TBI^b, N(%male) / N(%female)

0

90 (58.8) / 66 (74.2)

51 (60.7) / 32 (69.6)

39 (56.5) / 34 (79.1)

1

36 (23.5) / 16 (18.0)

22 (26.2) / 9 (19.6)

14 (20.3) / 7 (16.3)

2+

27 (17.6) / 7 (7.9)

11 (13.1) / 5 (10.9)

16 (23.2) / 2 (4.7)

RHI

N(%male) / N(%female)

Any RHI Exposure^c

87 (50.6) / 7 (7.6)

38 (44.2) / 6 (13.0)

49 (57.0) / 1 (2.2)

Am. Football

59 (34.3) / 0 (0.0)

27 (31.4) / 0 (0.0)

32 (37.2) / 0 (0.0)

Boxing

8 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

3 (3.5) / 0 (0.0)

5 (5.8) / 0 (0.0)

Soccer

28 (16.3) / 7 (7.6)

14 (16.3) / 6 (13.0)

14 (16.3) / 1 (2.2)

Ice Hockey

6 (3.5) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

5 (5.8) / 0 (0.0)

Karate / Mixed Martial Arts

2 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

Wrestling

8 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

2 (2.3) / 0 (0.0)

6 (7.0) / 0 (0.0)

Rugby

2 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

Lacrosse

1 (0.6) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

0 (0.0) / 0 (0.0)

Cumulative exposure, yrs^d

6.6 ± 5.6 / 9.1 ± 8.4

5.1 ± 4.5 / 6.5 ± 5.1

8.0 ± 6.2 / 25 (n = 1)

Am. football exposure, yrs

4.7 ± 3.8 / na

3.1 ± 2.4 / na

6.2 ± 4.3 / na

Am. Football

(Highest Level of Play)

Professional

1 (0.6) / 0 (0.0)

0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

College

10 (5.8) / 0 (0.0)

4 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

6 (7.0) / 0 (0.0)

High School

38 (22.1) / 0 (0.0)

18 (20.9) / 0 (0.0)

20 (23.3) / 0 (0.0)

Youth

8 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

4 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

4 (4.7) / 0 (0.0)

Unknown

2 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)

1 (1.2) / 0 (0.0)