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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to BMI status and metabolic health status

From: Different associations between body mass index and Alzheimer’s markers depending on metabolic health

 

Total (N = 1,736)

BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (N = 46, 2.6%)

18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 (N = 1109, 3.9%)

25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI (N = 581, 33.5%)

MH (N = 911, 52.5%)

MU (N = 825, 47.5%)

BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (N = 38, 4.2%)

18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2  (N = 626, 68.7%)

25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI (N = 247, 27.1%)

BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (N = 8, 1.0%)

18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 (N = 483, 58.5%)

25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI (N = 334, 40.5%)

Demographics

Age, years

71.6 ± 8.0

71.8 ± 9.0

71.4 ± 8.0

71.8 ± 7.8

70.7 ± 9.2*

70.3 ± 8.3

70.5 ± 8.1*

76.6 ± 6.2

72.9 ± 7.4

72.8 ± 7.5

Sex, female

1,015 (58.5%)

40 (87.0%)*

668 (60.2%)

307 (52.8%)*

33 (86.8%)

393 (62.8%)

130 (52.6%)

7 (87.5%)

275 (56.9%)

177 (53.0%)

Education, years

12.1 ± 4.7

12.5 ± 4.8

12.3 ± 4.6

11.8 ± 4.9

13.1 ± 4.5

12.5 ± 4.6

12.0 ± 4.7

10.0 ± 5.6

11.9 ± 4.6

11.7 ± 5.0

APOE, ε4 carrier

606 (34.9%)

25 (54.3%)*

399 (36.0%)

182 (31.3%)

20 (52.6%)*

221 (35.3%)

68 (27.5%)*

5 (62.5%)

178 (36.9%)

114 (34.1%)

Disease stage, MCI

1,145 (66.0%)

34 (73.9%)

723 (65.2%)

388 (66.8%)

29 (76.3%)

391 (62.5%)

165 (66.8%)

5 (62.5%)

332 (68.7%)

223 (66.8%)

ATP-III componenta

Elevated BP

1,190 (68.5%)

27 (58.7%)

717 (64.7%)

446 (76.8%)*

19 (50.0%)

291 (46.5%)

143 (57.9%)*

8 (100.0%)

426 (88.2%)

303 (90.7%)

Elevated FPG

761 (43.8%)

10 (21.7%)*

476 (42.9%)

275 (47.3%)

5 (13.2%)

86 (13.7%)

29 (11.7%)

5 (62.5%)

390 (80.7%)

246 (73.7%)*

Elevated TG

373 (21.5%)

3 (6.5%)*

221 (19.9%)

149 (25.6%)*

1 (2.6%)

30 (4.8%)

11 (4.5%)

2 (25.0%)

191 (39.5%)

138 (41.3%)

Reduced HDL

307 (17.7%)

3 (6.5%)

175 (15.8%)

129 (22.2%)*

1 (2.6%)

15 (2.4%)

7 (2.8%)

2 (25.0%)

160 (33.1%)

122 (36.5%)

Dementia markers

Aβ positivityb

769 (44.3%)

34 (73.9%)*

520 (46.9%)

215 (37.0%)*

28 (73.7%)*

303 (48.4%)

73 (29.6%)*

6 (75.0%)

217 (44.9%)

142 (42.5%)

Severe WMHc

129 (7.4%)

3 (6.5%)

68 (6.1%)

58 (10.0%)*

3 (7.9%)

18 (2.9%)

13 (5.3%)

0 (0.0%)

50 (10.4%)

45 (13.5%)

Clinical outcomes

Hippcampa volume, mm3

2786.0 ± 521.6

2428.0 ± 592.9*

2787.7 ± 515.6

2812.2 ± 516.8

2820.7 ± 517.2*

2884.7 ± 532.2

2457.7 ± 641.8

2744.5 ± 510.9*

2759.3 ± 499.4

2287.2 ± 235.7

MMSE raw score

26.5 ± 3.1

25.8 ± 3.5

26.5 ± 3.1

26.5 ± 3.0

26.8 ± 2.9

26.6 ± 2.9

26.0 ± 3.3

26.1 ± 3.3

26.4 ± 3.0

24.5 ± 4.5

  1. Unless otherwise noted, values are expressed as N (%) or mean ± standard deviation
  2. *Significantly different values compared to normal weight in the total population and in each metabolic health group. P-values for continuous variables were obtained using the Student’s t-test, while for categorical variables they were calculated using chi-square tests
  3. aEach ATP-III component was defined as follows: elevated BP, systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive treatment; elevated FPG, FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL or receiving antidiabetic treatment; elevated TG, TG ≥ 150 mg/dL; reduced HDL, HDL-C levels < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women
  4. bAβ positivity was defined by an amyloid PET Centiloid value greater than 20.0
  5. cSevere WMH was defined by the following criteria: (1) WMH of 10 mm or more in the periventricular white matter (caps or rim) and (2) WMH of 25 mm or more (maximum diameter) in the deep white matter, consistent with an extensive white matter lesion or a diffusely confluent lesion
  6. Aβ amyloid beta, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CU cognitively unimpaired, DM diabetes mellitus, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HTN hypertension, MMSE mini-mental state exam, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MH metabolically healthy, MU metabolically unhealthy, TG triglyceride, WMH white matter hyperintensities
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193