Table 1 Demographic features and cognitive performance of patients with aMCI due to AD, MCI due to FTLD, AD dementia and FTLD dementia

Demographics

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Age

68.50 ± 12.03

71.30 ± 8.00 ^{d, e}

70.60 ± 8.62 ^{d, e}

65.50 ± 6.25 ^{b, c,e}

66.00 ± 7.56 ^{b, c,d}

Sex (female/male)

17/16

66/43

46/21 ^d

11/14 ^c

14/15

Years of education

15.97 ± 3.11 ^{c, e}

14.70 ± 3.28 ^c

13.60 ± 2.68 ^{a, b}

14.40 ± 2.89

14.00 ± 2.68 ^a

APOE ε4 carriers, n (%)

27% (9) ^{b, c}

53% (58) ^{a, d,e}

59% (40) ^{a, d,e}

24% (6) ^{b, c,e}

27% (8) ^b,^{c, d}

CSF Neurogranin (pg/mL)

174.06 ± 61.09 ^{b, c}

232.94 ± 96.30 ^{a, d}

259.93 ± 109.61 ^{a, d,e}

161.45 ± 72.15 ^{b, c,e}

208.80 ± 102.56 ^{c, d}

CSF Aβ₁₋₄₂/Neurogranin ratio

4.21 ± 1.51 ^{b, c}

2.47 ± 1.72 ^{a, c,d}

1.88 ± 1.14 ^{a, b,e}

5.10 ± 1.39 ^{b, e}

4.48 ± 1.39 ^{c, d}

CSF Aβ₁₋₄₂ (pg/mL)

721.70 ± 388.46 ^{b, c}

492.51 ± 302.36 ^{a, d,e}

426.66 ± 232.11 ^{a, d,e}

779.10 ± 321.85 ^{b, c,e}

736.15 ± 242.96 ^{b, c,d}

Aβ_{1−42/1−40} ratio

0.07 ± 0.02 ^{b, c}

0.05 ± 0.02 ^{a, d,e}

0.04 ± 0.01 ^{a, d,e}

0.08 ± 0.02 ^{b, c,e}

0.07 ± 0.02 ^{b, c,d}

CSF Aβ₁₋₄₀ (pg/mL)

9668.13 ± 3390.06

10086.48 ± 3585.11

9528.48

8601.96 ± 3943.75

8846.86 ± 2713.00

CSF p-tau 181 (pg/mL)

38.64 ± 15.39 ^{b, c,e}

86.23 ± 54.61 ^{a, c,d}

107.67 ± 65.36 ^{a, b,d, e}

37.33 ± 17.59 ^{b, c,e}

76.20 ± 69.52 ^{a, c,d}

CSF t-tau (pg/mL)

276.63 ± 101.71 ^{b, c,e}

569.06 ± 345.44 ^{a, c,d}

712.46 ± 419.80 ^{a, b,d}

308.72 ± 141.60 ^{b, c}

563.41 ± 419.56 ^a

Serum NfL (pg/mL)

45.40 ± 38.00 ^e

33.88 ± 27.78 ^e

41.59 ± 28.81 ^e

47.94 ± 48.31 ^e

63.37 ± 51.40 ^{a, b,c, d}

Cognitive Performance

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

MMSE score

29.03 ± 1.00 ^{b, c,d, e}

24.80 ± 2.87 ^{a, c,e}

18.50 ± 4.12 ^{a, b,d, e}

26.00 ± 3.42 ^{a, c,e}

21.20 ± 5.93 ^{a, b,c, d}

LOG-I

14.47 ± 4.58 ^{b, c,d, e}

8.69 ± 4.34 ^{a, c,e}

4.20 ± 3.33 ^{a, b,d, e}

9.74 ± 3.77 ^{a, c,e}

6.14 ± 2.80 ^{a, b,c, d}

LOG-D

13.28 ± 4.43 ^{b, c,d, e}

4.96 ± 5.08 ^{a, c}

1.16 ± 2.00 ^{a, b,d, e}

6.32 ± 5.46 ^{a, c,e}

3.90 ± 3.18 ^{a, c,d}

ROCF-R

15.28 ± 6.62 ^{b, c,d, e}

8.49 ± 6.28 ^{a, c}

2.47 ± 2.67 ^{a, b,d, e}

11.07 ± 6.07 ^{a, c,e}

6.66 ± 7.78 ^{a, c,d}

F-DigitSpan-SC

8.93 ± 1.57 ^{b, c,d, e}

8.04 ± 2.12 ^{a, c,e}

6.86 ± 2.05 ^{a, b}

7.80 ± 2.35 ^a

6.50 ± 2.55 ^{a, b}

B-DigitSpan-SC

6.37 ± 1.85 ^{b, c,d, e}

5.06 ± 1.95 ^{a, c,e}

3.65 ± 1.91 ^{a, b,d}

4.76 ± 2.01 ^{a, c}

3.92 ± 2.22 ^{a, b}

TMT-A

44.40 ± 18.08 ^{b, c,d, e}

58.50 ± 29.43 ^{a, c,e}

107.00 ± 55.91 ^{a, b,d}

61.10 ± 32.82 ^{a, c}

84.12 ± 59.60 ^{a, b}

TMT-B

116.42 ± 56.25 ^{b, c,d, e}

177.08 ± 81.92 ^{a, c,e}

246.04 ± 84.02 ^{a, b,d}

183.70 ± 82.22 ^{a, c}

234.51 ± 80.18 ^{a, b}

P-VF

43.5 ± 10.54 ^{b, c,d, e}

34.07 ± 13.00 ^{a, c,d, e}

24.42 ± 9.82 ^{a, b,e}

21.76 ± 10.58 ^{a, b,e}

15.39 ± 11.14 ^{a, b,c, d}

BNT-30

2.93 ± 2.84 ^{b, c,d, e}

6.00 ± 4.22 ^{a, c,d, e}

10.93 ± 5.96 ^{a, b}

8.89 ± 6.04 ^{a, b}

11.10 ± 5.89 ^{a, b}

S-VF-A

23.4 ± 6.16 ^{b, c,d, e}

16.24 ± 5.61 ^{a, c,d, e}

11.02 ± 5.77 ^{a, b}

12.83 ± 5.78 ^{a, b}

8.44 ± 5.58 ^{a, b}

CDT

14.79 ± 1.57 ^{b, c,e}

12.69 ± 3.45 ^{a, e}

9.31 ± 3.90 ^{a, b,d}

14.18 ± 1.70 ^c

10.74 ± 4.21 ^{a, b}

ROCF-C

29.29 ± 4.40 ^{b, c,e}

26.15 ± 7.30 ^a

15.33 ± 10.56 ^{a, b,d, e}

28.40 ± 6.07 ^{c, e}

22.81 ± 10.42 ^{a, c,d}