Fig. 2

Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia according to obesity status and metabolic syndrome criteria. Abbreviations: UKB, UK Biobank; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; FOS, Framingham Offspring Study; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Cox proportional hazard models using age as the time variable were adjusted for sex (male or female), race (White or non-White), education (below college or college and above), Townsend deprivation index (as quintiles, only in the UK Biobank), household income (< 25 000, 25 000–49,999, and ≥ 50,000 US $/year, only in the ARIC and FOS), smoking status (current, former, or never smokers), and alcohol intake (units per week)