Fig. 7

Changes of endogenous metabolites in peripheral blood and brain of 5×FAD mice. (A) Gut-derived metabolites (including amino acid, TCA, neurotransmitters) with FC > 1.2 in the brain and serum. (B) Changes in PUFA and lipid peroxide in the brain. n = 6–8. Difference was analyzed by Two-tested Student’s t test and donated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. 5-Hydroxy-DL-tryptophan: 5 H-trp; 5-OH indoleacetic acid: 5 HIAA; Acetyl choline: Ach; Aconitic acid: Acon-A; Arginine: Arg; Arachidonic: Ara; Adenosine monophosphate: AMP; Asparaginate: Asp; Citrulline: Cit; Choline: Cho; Citric acid: Citric-A; Docosahexanoic: DHA; Eicosapentaenoic acid: EPA; Epoxy eicosenotricoic acid: EETs; Glutamic acid: Glu; Glutamine: Gln; Histidine: His; Hydroxyeicosaenoic acids: HETEs; Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: HODE; Kynurenine: Kyn; Kynurenic acid: KA; L-3-hydroxykynurenine: 3 HK; Lysine: Lys; Leucine: Leu; L-Cysteine: L-Cys; Malic acid: Malic-A; Methionine: Met; Nicotinic acid: Nico-A; Oxoglutaric acid: Oxog-A; Phenylalanine: PHE; Picolinic acid: PA; Proline: Pro; Pyruvic acid: Pyr; Prostaglandins: PGs; S-adenosyl homocysteine: S-AH; Succinic acid: Succ-A; Serine: Ser; Taurine: Tau; Tryptophan: Trp; Threonine: Tre; Tyrosine: Tyr; Xanthurenic acid: XA; γ-Aminobutyric acid: GABA