Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by seven identified psychosocial patterns, among 336,493 participants free of dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank
Characteristics | No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good state | Fair state | Short education | Living alone | Mildly poor psychological state | Moderately poor psychological state | Extremely poor psychological state | |
No. of participants | 136,060 | 56,765 | 81,767 | 47,987 | 28,402 | 8,688 | 6,824 |
Follow up, y, median (IQR) | 12.70 (1.38) | 12.70 (1.39) | 12.80 (1.36) | 12.70 (1.41) | 12.70 (1.42) | 12.70 (1.42) | 12.70 (1.46) |
Age at baseline, y, median (IQR) | 55.00 (13.00) | 53.00 (12.00) | 61.00 (10.00) | 61.00 (11.00) | 58.00 (13.00) | 54.00 (13.00) | 53.00 (12.00) |
Sex | |||||||
Female | 66,319 (48.74) | 31,167 (54.91) | 40,607 (49.66) | 28,290 (58.95) | 17,051 (60.03) | 4,948 (56.95) | 3,905 (57.22) |
Male | 69,741 (51.26) | 25,598 (45.09) | 41,160 (50.34) | 19,697 (41.05) | 11,351 (39.97) | 3,740 (43.05) | 2,919 (42.78) |
Ethnicity a | |||||||
Non-Caucasian | 22,728 (16.70) | 9,710 (17.11) | 9,463 (11.57) | 8,279 (17.25) | 4,934 (17.37) | 2,285 (26.30) | 1,530 (22.42) |
Caucasian | 113,332 (83.30) | 47,055 (82.89) | 72,304 (88.43) | 39,708 (82.75) | 23,468 (82.63) | 6,403 (73.70) | 5,294 (77.58) |
Smoking status | |||||||
Never | 82,666 (60.76) | 31,720 (55.88) | 40,732 (49.81) | 24,626 (51.32) | 12,247 (43.12) | 4,506 (51.86) | 2,984 (43.73) |
Previous | 44,829 (32.95) | 19,374 (34.13) | 32,695 (39.99) | 17,032 (35.49) | 10,139 (35.70) | 2,635 (30.33) | 2,032 (29.78) |
Current | 8,421 (6.19) | 5,605 (9.87) | 8,107 (9.91) | 6,189 (12.90) | 5,943 (20.92) | 1,531 (17.62) | 1,785 (26.16) |
Unknown | 144 (0.11) | 66 (0.12) | 233 (0.28) | 140 (0.29) | 73 (0.26) | 16 (0.18) | 23 (0.34) |
Drinking status | |||||||
Never | 3,151 (2.32) | 1,313 (2.31) | 3,449 (4.22) | 2,377 (4.95) | 1,382 (4.87) | 546 (6.28) | 463 (6.78) |
Previous | 2,644 (1.94) | 1,506 (2.65) | 2,704 (3.31) | 2,232 (4.65) | 1,942 (6.84) | 512 (5.89) | 711 (10.42) |
Current | 130,245 (95.73) | 53,938 (95.02) | 75,595 (92.45) | 43,354 (90.35) | 25,050 (88.20) | 7,617 (87.67) | 5,633 (82.55) |
Unknown | 20 (0.01) | 8 (0.01) | 19 (0.02) | 24 (0.05) | 28 (0.10) | 13 (0.15) | 17 (0.25) |
Hours of sleep b | |||||||
Normal | 109,417 (80.42) | 40,336 (71.06) | 62,894 (76.92) | 34,782 (72.48) | 17,498 (61.61) | 5,014 (57.71) | 3,149 (46.15) |
Long or short sleep | 26,643 (19.58) | 16,429 (28.94) | 18,873 (23.08) | 13,205 (27.52) | 10,904 (38.39) | 3,674 (42.29) | 3,675 (53.85) |
Physical activity c | |||||||
Low | 21,510 (15.81) | 11,166 (19.67) | 10,923 (13.36) | 6,612 (13.78) | 5,277 (18.58) | 1,846 (21.25) | 1,904 (27.90) |
Moderate | 52,308 (38.44) | 21,229 (37.40) | 25,546 (31.24) | 16,642 (34.68) | 9,179 (32.32) | 2,733 (31.46) | 1,936 (28.37) |
High | 47,927 (35.22) | 17,499 (30.83) | 30,934 (37.83) | 17,388 (36.23) | 8,715 (30.68) | 2,572 (29.60) | 1,633 (23.93) |
Unknown | 14,315 (10.52) | 6,871 (12.10) | 14,364 (17.57) | 7,345 (15.31) | 5,231 (18.42) | 1,537 (17.69) | 1,351 (19.80) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||
< 25 | 51,847 (38.11) | 19,576 (34.49) | 22,487 (27.50) | 15,996 (33.33) | 8,090 (28.48) | 2,424 (27.90) | 1,769 (25.92) |
25–30 | 59,030 (43.39) | 23,559 (41.50) | 37,568 (45.95) | 19,361 (40.35) | 10,907 (38.40) | 3,313 (38.13) | 2,387 (34.98) |
≥ 30 | 24,785 (18.22) | 13,428 (23.66) | 21,415 (26.19) | 12,362 (25.76) | 9,191 (32.36) | 2,870 (33.03) | 2,588 (37.92) |
Unknown | 398 (0.29) | 202 (0.36) | 297 (0.36) | 268 (0.56) | 214 (0.75) | 81 (0.93) | 80 (1.17) |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||||
0 | 112,095 (82.39) | 45,069 (79.40) | 63,561 (77.73) | 36,740 (76.56) | 19,590 (68.97) | 6,283 (72.32) | 4,446 (65.15) |
≥ 1 | 23,965 (17.61) | 11,696 (20.60) | 18,206 (22.27) | 11,247 (23.44) | 8,812 (31.03) | 2,405 (27.68) | 2,378 (34.85) |
History of hypertension | |||||||
No | 123,935 (91.09) | 51,183 (90.17) | 67,868 (83.00) | 40,285 (83.95) | 22,995 (80.96) | 7,293 (83.94) | 5,543 (81.23) |
Yes | 12,125 (8.91) | 5,582 (9.83) | 13,899 (17.00) | 7,702 (16.05) | 5,407 (19.04) | 1,395 (16.06) | 1,281 (18.77) |
History of hyperlipidemia | |||||||
No | 132,547 (97.42) | 55,300 (97.42) | 78,178 (95.61) | 46,040 (95.94) | 27,027 (95.16) | 8,321 (95.78) | 6,487 (95.06) |
Yes | 3,513 (2.58) | 1,465 (2.58) | 3,589 (4.39) | 1,947 (4.06) | 1,375 (4.84) | 367 (4.22) | 337 (4.94) |
Grip strength | |||||||
Normal | 118,539 (87.12) | 47,747 (84.11) | 63,916 (78.17) | 35,899 (74.81) | 19,894 (70.04) | 6,262 (72.08) | 4,481 (65.67) |
Low | 16,711 (12.28) | 8,611 (15.17) | 17,162 (20.99) | 11,548 (24.06) | 8,073 (28.42) | 2,290 (26.36) | 2,203 (32.28) |
Unknown | 810 (0.60) | 407 (0.72) | 689 (0.84) | 540 (1.13) | 435 (1.53) | 136 (1.57) | 140 (2.05) |
Hearing loss state d | |||||||
No | 103,608 (76.15) | 40,316 (71.02) | 57,663 (70.52) | 34,968 (72.87) | 18,462 (65.00) | 5,788 (66.62) | 4,187 (61.36) |
Yes | 29,011 (21.32) | 14,375 (25.32) | 21,607 (26.43) | 11,493 (23.95) | 8,620 (30.35) | 2,502 (28.80) | 2,282 (33.44) |
Unknown | 3,441 (2.53) | 2,074 (3.65) | 2,497 (3.05) | 1,526 (3.18) | 1,320 (4.65) | 398 (4.58) | 355 (5.20) |