Table 1 Demographics, clinical characteristics and biomarker results ^aANOVA test ^bχ²squared test ^cKruskall-Wallis test

Demographics

Age, years, mean (SD)

68.3 ± 9.11

61.0 ± 8.3

66.9 ± 10.3

70.9 ± 8.5

67.2 ± 7.8

69.0 ± 5.8

< .001^a

Female, n (%)

176 (55.0)

28 (68.3)

34 (57.6)

96 (60.8)

6 (18.8)

12 (40.0)

< .001^b

Education levels, yo

11.5 ± 3.5

12.8 ± 3.0

10.7 ± 3.7

11.3 ± 3.6

11.8 ± 3.2

12.0 ± 3.4

< 0.001 ^a

Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (SD)

25.1 ± 4.2

26.2 ± 3.9

25.8 ± 5.0

24.3 ± 3.9

25.9 ± 4.5

25.5 ± 3.5

0.02 ^a

ApoE4 carriership, n (%)

144 (46.9)

13 (33.3)

9 (15.8)

100 (66.2)

9 (29.0)

13 (44.8)

< 0.001 ^b

Baseline MMSE (/30), median (IQR)

24 (20 ; 27)

27 (25 ; 28.5)

25 (22.75 ; 26.25)

21 (18 ; 26)

26 (24 ; 27.5)

25 (22 ; 27)

< .001^c

Cognitive status

< 0.001 ^b

Cognitively unimpaired, n (%)

41 (12.8)

41 (12.8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Mild cognitive impairment, n (%)

131 (40.9)

0 (0)

47 (79.7)

56 (35.4)

14 (43.8)

14 (43.8)

Dementia, n (%)

148 (46.3)

0 (0)

12 (20.3)

102 (64.6)

18 (56.3)

16 (53.3)

Core CSF Biomarkers

< 0.001 ^b

A-T-, n (%)

119 (37.2)

41 (100)

41 (69.5)

0 (0)

19 (59.4)

18 (60.0)

A-T+, n (%)

32 (10)

0 (0)

15 (25.4)

0 (0)

11 (34.4)

6 (20.0)

A + T-, n (%)

27 (8.4)

0 (0)

3 (5.1)

17 (10.8)

2 (6.2)

5 (16.6)

A + T+, n (%)

142 (44.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

141 (89.2)

0 (0)

1 (3.3)

Baseline cognitive z scores

Global (z score), mean (SD)

-0.92 ± 1.14

-0.03 ± 0.60

-0.79 ± 0.98

-1.23 ± 1.09

-0.89 ± 1.48

-0.74 ± 1.21

< 0.001 ^a

Memory (z score), mean (SD)

-1.35 ± 1.68

0.04 ± 0.75

-1.12 ± 1.39

-2.08 ± 1.79

-1.02 ± 1.25

-0.58 ± 1.17

< 0.001 ^a

Language (z score), mean (SD)

-0.66 ± 1.50

0.01 ± 0.9

-0.54 ± 1.5

-0.92 ± 1.47

-0.88 ± 2.28

-0.34 ± 0.99

0.004 ^a

Praxies (z score), mean (SD)

-0.90 ± 1.71

-0.02 ± 0.78

-0.9 ± 1.60

-1.14 ± 1.77

-1.15 ± 2.14

-0.55 ± 1.76

0.006 ^a

Visuospatial (z score), mean (SD)

-1.08 ± 2.32

-0.00 ± 1.00

-0.66 ± 1.52

-1.55 ± 2.49

-0.97 ± 3.12

-1.39 ± 2.58

0.007 ^a

Attention (z score), mean (SD)

-0.51 ± 1.17

0.001 ± 0.80

-0.48 ± 1.06

-0.68 ± 1.12

-0.19 ± 0.96

-0.79 ± 1.84

0.005 ^a

Executive (z score), mean (SD)

-0.89 ± 1.32

-0.06 ± 0.85

-0.68 ± 0.91

-1.00 ± 0.99

-0.62 ± 1.23

-0.66 ± 1.06

< 0.001 ^a

Neuroimaging outcomes

WMH (Fazekas scale ≥ 2), n (%)

50 (25)

3 (10.7)

13 (36.1)

30 (30.6)

1 (5.9)

3 (14.3)

0.025 ^b

Mean Scheltens Score, mean (SD)

1.75 ± 0.96

1.09 ± 0.64

1.48 ± 1.12

1.96 ± 0.87

2.22 ± 1.02

1.62 ± 0.85

< 0.001 ^a

Plasma NfL

NfL (pg/mL, mean (SD)

22.23 ± 14.11

12.71 ± 8.15

21.41 ± 19.45

24.79 ± 12.47

27.05 ± 14.50

18.28 ± 8.30

< 0.001 ^a