Fig. 1

Clinical validation and reliability using repeated measures. A-B Moderate polyserial correlations between PVS volumes and visual scores. C-D Bland–Altman plot comparing manual and computational PVS counts in the axial slice with the highest PVS burden in white matter and basal ganglia in a subset of 30 random subjects. Solid lines depict the mean difference and dotted lines depict the corresponding 95%-confidence intervals. E–F High Pearson’s correlations of CSO- and BG-PVS volumes across four annual time points suggest measurement stability. PVS volumes were Box-Cox transformed and z-scored to account for skewness and corrected for linear and quadratic age effects, years of education, sex and total intracranial volume