Skip to main content

Table 4 Methods and scales to assess exploratory/other outcomes

From: A digitally supported multimodal lifestyle program to promote brain health among older adults (the LETHE randomized controlled feasibility trial): study design, progress, and first results

• Physical activity: objectively measured with the smartwatch and self-reported based on an adapted Minnesota questionnaire (Taylor et al., J Chronic Dis, 1978. doi: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9)

• Nutrient and food intake: questionnaire adapted from the versions used e.g., in previous multimodal prevention trials (FINGER, MIND-ADmini, HATICE)

• Vascular/metabolic factors: BP, BMI, waist circumference, blood lipids, fasting glucose, HbA1c, smartwatch data on heart rate / heart rate variability

• Mood/depressive symptoms: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Lewinsohn et al., Psychol Aging, 1997. doi: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.277); count of nearby Bluetooth devices via passive phone sensors as a proxy for social interaction

• Sleep: smartwatch data on quality, duration, fragmentation parameters

• Physical performance: grip strength, timed 10-m dual task test, Short Physical Performance Battery (Guralnik et al., J Gerontol, 1994. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85)

• Cognition, function: Individual NTB domains (memory, executive function, processing speed); CDR-SB (Morris, Neurology, 1993. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a); IADL (Lawton & Brody, Gerontologist,1969. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179); and digital cognitive test battery cCOG (Rhodius-Meester et al., Alzheimers Dement (Amst), 2020. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1002/dad2.12083)

• AD/dementia fluid biomarkers: blood NfL and p-tau181 (Simoa)

• AD/dementia imaging biomarkers: computationally assessed MRI volumetry, white matter lesions, and ratings for MTA, GCA, and Fazekas (Koikkalainen et al., Neuroimage Clin, 2016. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.019; Koikkalainen et al., Eur Radiol, 2019. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1007/s00330-019-06067-1)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, FINGER Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, GCA global cortical atrophy, HATICE Healthy Aging Through Internet Counselling in the Elderly, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MIND-ADmini Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer’s Disease, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, MTA medial temporal lobe atrophy, NfL neurofilament light chain, NTB Neuropsychological Test Battery, p-tau181 phosphorylated tau 181
Back to article page

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193