Table 5 Selected baseline characteristics of randomized participants
|  | All N = 156 | Intervention N = 78 | Control N = 78 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Study site | ||||
 Austria | 40 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) |  |
 Finland | 40 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) |  |
 Italy | 40 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) | 20 (25.6%) |  |
 Sweden | 36 (23.1%) | 18 (23.1%) | 18 (23.1%) |  |
Demographics | ||||
 Age, years | 68.8 (4.5), range 60–77 | 68.6 (4.5), range 60–77 | 69.0 (4.5), range 60–77 | 0.66 |
 Sex, women | 101 (64.7%) | 44 (56.4%) | 57 (73.1%) | 0.03 |
 Education, years | 14.9 (3.1) | 14.8 (3.0) | 15.0 (3.2) | 0.61 |
Cognition, functional performance, dementia risk | ||||
 MMSE | 28 [27–29] | 28 [27–29] | 28 [28–29] | 0.98 |
 CDR-SB | 0 [0–0.5] | 0 [0–0.5] | 0 [0–0.5] | 0.34 |
 IADL | 8 [8–8] | 8 [8–8] | 8 [8–8] | 0.68 |
 CAIDE score | 8 [7–9] | 8 [7–9] | 9 [7–10] | 0.29 |
 Self-reported concern over own cognition | 65 (41.7%) | 29 (37.2%) | 36 (46.2%) | 0.26 |
Vascular/metabolic factors | ||||
 SBP, mmHg | 137.8 (17.5) | 140.0 (18.1) | 135.6 (16.7) | 0.12 |
 SBP > 140 mmHg | 61 (39.1%) | 37 (47.4%) | 24 (30.8%) | 0.03 |
 DBP, mmHg | 81.9 (9.4) | 82.2 (9.1) | 81.6 (9.7) | 0.71 |
 DBP > 90 mmHg | 25 (16.0%) | 12 (15.4%) | 13 (16.7%) | 0.83 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 (4.7) | 27.6 (4.4) | 27.7 (4.9) | 0.86 |
 BMI > 25 kg/m2 | 110 (70.5%) | 55 (70.5%) | 55 (70.5%) | 1.00 |
 Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.3) | 0.77 |
 LDL, mmol/l | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.2) | 0.80 |
 HDL, mmol/l | 1.7 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | 0.51 |
 Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 5.7 (0.8) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.8) | 0.50 |
 Physical activity less frequently than twice/week | 61 (39.1%) | 29 (37.2%) | 32 (41.0%) | 0.62 |
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases | ||||
 Hypertension | 101 (64.7%) | 52 (66.7%) | 49 (62.8%) | 0.62 |
 Hypercholesterolemia | 108 (69.2%) | 51 (65.4%) | 57 (73.1%) | 0.30 |
 Diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 21 (13.5%) | 13 (16.7%) | 8 (10.3%) | 0.24 |