Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort

Age (years)

CU (n = 301)

66.56

7.37

 < 0.001^a

MCI-AD (n = 196)

75.88

6.85

MCI-Va (n = 112)

77.06

7.57

ADD (n = 578)

81.13

6.82

VaD (n = 93)

82.01

6.45

Total (n = 1280)

76.61

9.17

Sex (n , % women)

CU (n = 301)

193, 64.12%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

99, 50.51%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

56, 50.00%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

417, 72.15%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

52, 55.91%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

817, 63.83%

n/a

Education (years)

CU (n = 301)

12.29

4.53

 < 0.001^a

MCI-AD (n = 196)

8.29

4.26

MCI-Va (n = 112)

7.04

3.94

ADD (n = 578)

6.16

4.05

VaD (n = 93)

6.46

4.37

Total (n = 1280)

8.03

4.88

MMSE (score)

CU (n = 301)

29.31

0.91

 < 0.001^a

MCI-AD (n = 196)

24.63

3.54

MCI-Va (n = 112)

26.22

2.58

ADD (n = 578)

18.78

4.43

VaD (n = 93)

21.54

4.25

Total (n = 1280)

23.01

5.63

Hypertension

CU (n = 301)

102, 33.89%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

94, 47.96%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

82, 73.21%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

377, 65.22%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

73, 78.49%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

728, 56.88%

n/a

Diabetes mellitus

CU (n = 301)

22, 7.31%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

26, 13.27%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

30, 26.79%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

92, 15.92%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

32, 34.41%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

202, 15.78%

n/a

Dyslipidemia

CU (n = 301)

132, 43.85%

n/a

0.047^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

85, 43.37%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

62, 55.36%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

286, 49.48%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

53, 56.99%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

618, 48.28%

n/a

Heart disease

CU (n = 301)

23, 7.64%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

40, 20.41%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

45, 40.18%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

146, 25.26%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

38, 40.86%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

292, 22.81%

n/a

COPD

CU (n = 301)

15, 4.98%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

19, 9.69%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

26, 23.21%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

54, 9.34%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

20, 21.51%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

134, 10.47%

n/a

Stroke

CU (n = 301)

7, 2.33%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

13, 6.63%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

31, 27.68%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

38, 6.57%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

35, 37.63%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

124, 9.69%

n/a

Smoking

CU (n = 301)

30, 9.97%

n/a

 < 0.001^b

MCI-AD (n = 196)

3, 1.53%

n/a

MCI-Va (n = 112)

12, 10.71%

n/a

ADD (n = 578)

26, 4.50%

n/a

VaD (n = 93)

7, 7.53%

n/a

Total (n = 1280)

78, 6.09%

n/a

OCT image quality

CU (n = 301)

66.32

6.57

 < 0.001^a

MCI-AD (n = 196)

64.14

7.70

MCI-Va (n = 112)

63.25

8.51

ADD (n = 578)

61.50

9.62

VaD (n = 93)

63.80

8.66

Total (n = 1280)

63.36

8.74