Table 2 Comparison of ocular characteristics between subjects with and without cognitive decline over a 5-year follow-up period
From: Retinal thickness predicts the risk of cognitive decline over five years
Entire sample | With cognitive decline | Without cognitive decline | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Spherical equivalent refraction, dioptre | -0.48 ± 2.36 | -0.36 ± 2.15 | -0.66 ± 2.61 | 0.208 |
Ocular disorders | 0.224 | |||
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | 255 (56%) | 152 (59%) | 103 (52%) | |
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) | 18 (4%) | 11 (4%) | 7 (4%) | |
AMD and DR | 15 (3%) | 9 (4%) | 6 (3%) | |
Other types of ocular disorders | 14 (3%) | 10 (4%) | 4 (2%) | |
No ocular disorders | 153 (34%) | 74 (29%) | 79 (40%) | |
Missing data (no fundus photography available) | 35 | 24 | 11 | |
Macular scan | ||||
Number of eyes | 490 | 280 | 210 | |
Laterality, right eye | 438 (89%) | 252 (90%) | 186 (89%) | 0.719 |
OCT signal strength | 7.71 ± 1.13 | 7.68 ± 1.14 | 7.75 ± 1.13 | 0.455 |
Macular GCIPL, μm | ||||
Superior sector | 88.37 ± 11.54 | 86.73 ± 12.37 | 90.56 ± 9.95 | < 0.001 |
Superior nasal sector | 81.71 ± 11.95 | 80.06 ± 12.76 | 83.91 ± 10.40 | < 0.001 |
Superior temporal sector | 80.37 ± 11.88 | 78.96 ± 12.06 | 82.26 ± 11.40 | 0.002 |
Inferior sector | 85.31 ± 12.62 | 84.27 ± 12.79 | 86.69 ± 12.28 | 0.035 |
Inferior nasal sector | 78.57 ± 11.96 | 77.14 ± 12.72 | 80.47 ± 10.76 | 0.002 |
Inferior temporal sector | 78.36 ± 13.08 | 77.70 ± 13.55 | 79.23 ± 12.41 | 0.197 |
Global | 82.15 ± 10.78 | 80.84 ± 11.18 | 83.90 ± 9.98 | 0.002 |
Macular RNFL, μm | ||||
Superior sector | 25.78 ± 9.26 | 25.82 ± 10.06 | 25.72 ± 8.11 | 0.897 |
Superior nasal sector | 25.20 ± 9.32 | 25.16 ± 10.40 | 25.25 ± 7.67 | 0.909 |
Superior temporal sector | 23.61 ± 8.37 | 23.75 ± 8.69 | 23.42 ± 7.96 | 0.669 |
Inferior sector | 24.16 ± 11.51 | 24.37 ± 13.29 | 23.87 ± 8.62 | 0.615 |
Inferior nasal sector | 25.64 ± 11.50 | 25.69 ± 13.50 | 25.58 ± 8.13 | 0.919 |
Inferior temporal sector | 24.47 ± 10.63 | 24.36 ± 12.17 | 24.62 ± 8.16 | 0.776 |
Global | 24.82 ± 8.33 | 24.88 ± 9.33 | 24.75 ± 6.80 | 0.866 |
Optic disc scan | ||||
Number of eyes | 382 | 204 | 178 | |
Laterality, right eye | 351 (92%) | 186 (91%) | 165 (93%) | 0.723 |
OCT signal strength | 7.60 ± 1.06 | 7.56 ± 1.11 | 7.66 ± 1.01 | 0.365 |
Peripapillary RNFL, μm | ||||
Temporal quadrant | 71.62 ± 14.35 | 70.30 ± 13.60 | 73.13 ± 15.07 | 0.057 |
Superior quadrant | 109.59 ± 17.84 | 109.57 ± 18.53 | 109.62 ± 17.07 | 0.978 |
Nasal quadrant | 68.40 ± 10.01 | 68.08 ± 10.23 | 68.75 ± 9.76 | 0.514 |
Inferior quadrant | 114.94 ± 20.32 | 113.58 ± 21.11 | 116.49 ± 19.32 | 0.160 |
Global | 91.11 ± 11.37 | 90.36 ± 11.78 | 91.97 ± 10.84 | 0.167 |