Skip to main content

Table 4 Other baseline cognitive tests results by sex

From: Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit

Test

Male

Female

p-value*

7MS

   

 Naming

14.0 (3.0)

13.7 (3.0)

0.05

 Immediate recall

10.7 (3.9)

10.4 (3.9)

0.01

 Free recall

2.4 (2.0)

2.3 (2.0)

< 0.01

 Cued recall

5.7 (3.0)

5.2 (2.8)

< 0.01

 Total

8.2 (3.8)

7.5 (3.7)

< 0.01

NBACE battery tests

   

 Attention

   

  Digit Backward

2.7 (1.5)

2.2 (1.4)

< 0.01

  Digit Forward

6.4 (1.8)

6.1 (1.6)

0.18

 Automatic inhibition SKT

   

  Errors

5.4 (5.5)

6.6 (5.8)

0.09

  Time

51.9 (23.3)

54.4 (23.0)

0.63

 Executive functions

   

  Category fluency

7.7 (3.9)

7.3 (3.5)

< 0.01

  Letter fluency

6.4 (4.2)

6.0 (4.0)

0.01

  Similarities

5.6 (3.5)

5.1 (3.1)

0.21

 Language

   

  Verbal comprehension

5.3 (0.9)

5.2 (0.9)

0.15

  Visual naming

10.5 (3.3)

9.7 (3.2)

< 0.01

 Orientation

   

  Global orientation

11.5 (2.6)

10.8 (2.5)

< 0.01

  Temporal

2.5 (1.6)

2.2 (1.5)

< 0.01

 Praxis

   

  Block Design WAIS-III

2.5 (1.2)

2.3 (1.1)

0.01

  Imitation

2.4 (1.0)

2.3 (1.1)

0.04

  Ideomotor

3.9 (0.5)

3.8 (0.5)

< 0.01

 Verbal memory

   

  Delayed recall

0.3 (0.8)

0.2 (0.7)

0.01

  Learning (total)

11.0 (4.8)

11.0 (4.6)

0.01

  Recognition memory

15.0 (3.4)

15.0 (3.6)

0.29

 Visual perception

   

  Luria’s clock test

1.8 (1.3)

1.4 (1.3)

< 0.01

  Poppelreuter-type test

7.4 (2.1)

7.2 (2.3)

0.06

  1. Abbreviations: 7MS = memory part of the 7-Minute screen test; NBACE = Neuropsychological Battery used in Fundació ACE
  2. Mean (SD) estimates reported
  3. *Estimates adjusted for age, education, marital status, cohabitation status, type of caregiver, arthrosis, and depression using linear regression models