Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% CIs adjusted for multiple comparisons of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities in cases compared with controls in the year before index date and in the time periods 2 to 4 years and 5 to 10 years before the index date

Motor dysfunctions and injuries

Abnormalities of gait and mobility

1.63 (1.61–1.64)

1.48 (1.46–1.49)

1.39 (1.37–1.41)

Extremity injury

1.42 (1.40–1.44)

1.26 (1.24–1.27)

1.20 (1.18–1.21)

Tremor

1.59 (1.55–1.63)

1.50 (1.47–1.53)

1.42 (1.39–1.46)

Psychiatric disorders

Anxiety

1.49 (1.47–1.51)

1.38 (1.36–1.40)

1.32 (1.30–1.34)

Bipolar disorder

2.56 (2.41–2.71)

2.33 (2.21–2.47)

2.23 (2.10–2.38)

Cognitive impairment

2.29 (2.22–2.35)

1.86 (1.80–1.91)

1.51 (1.43–1.58)

Conduct disorder

3.31 (3.07–3.57)

2.09 (1.95–2.24)

1.59 (1.46–1.73)

Delirium

5.66 (5.34–6.00)

3.19 (2.98–3.41)

2.51 (2.23–2.84)

Depression

1.75 (1.74–1.77)

1.61 (1.59–1.62)

1.48 (1.46–1.49)

Emotional state disorders

1.85 (1.82–1.89)

1.45 (1.43–1.48)

1.31 (1.28–1.33)

Memory impairment

4.05 (3.99–4.11)

2.92 (2.88–2.97)

2.10 (2.05–2.15)

Mental retardation

3.64 (3.33–3.97)

3.41 (3.14–3.70)

3.34 (3.04–3.68)

Personality and behavioural disorders due to brain disease. damage and dysfunction

3.56 (3.44–3.68)

2.65 (2.56–2.74)

2.19 (2.10–2.28)

Psychosis

3.03 (2.87–3.20)

2.56 (2.43–2.68)

2.33 (2.20–2.46)

Schizophrenia

3.19 (3.06–3.32)

2.84 (2.73–2.96)

2.68 (2.55–2.80)

Impairment of sensory organs

Anosmia

1.40 (1.30–1.52)

1.39 (1.31–1.47)

1.43 (1.35–1.52)

Visual impairment

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

1.10 (1.09–1.11)

Blindness

1.15 (1.13–1.18)

1.15 (1.13–1.17)

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

Hearing impairment. bilateral

1.06 (1.04–1.08)

1.13 (1.12–1.14)

1.16 (1.14–1.18)

Hearing impairment. side unspecified

1.17 (1.16–1.18)

1.19 (1.18–1.20)

1.19 (1.18–1.20)

Hearing impairment. unilateral

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

Other sensory disorders

3.96 (3.73–4.20)

2.47 (2.33–2.62)

2.03 (1.86–2.22)

Sleep disorders

Insomnia

1.60 (1.42–1.81)

1.53 (1.39–1.70)

1.52 (1.35–1.71)

Other sleeping disorder

1.34 (1.32–1.35)

1.26 (1.25–1.28)

1.23 (1.21–1.25)

Restless legs syndrome

1.11 (1.09–1.14)

1.10 (1.08–1.13)

1.14 (1.12–1.17)

Sleep apnea

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

1.14 (1.12–1.16)

1.15 (1.13–1.17)

Autonomic dysfunction and fatigue

Bladder disorder

1.48 (1.45–1.51)

1.39 (1.36–1.42)

1.33 (1.30–1.36)

Constipation

1.59 (1.56–1.61)

1.47 (1.45–1.49)

1.44 (1.41–1.46)

Dizziness

1.43 (1.41–1.44)

1.38 (1.37–1.39)

1.31 (1.30–1.33)

Fatigue

1.26 (1.16–1.36)

1.26 (1.17–1.35)

1.25 (1.15–1.36)

Hypotension

1.35 (1.32–1.38)

1.29 (1.27–1.31)

1.20 (1.18–1.23)

Sexual dysfunction

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

1.13 (1.10–1.15)

Risk factors

Alcohol abuse/ dependence

2.35 (2.29–2.42)

2.13 (2.08–2.19)

1.96 (1.90–2.02)

Nicotine abuse/ dependence

1.28 (1.25–1.30)

1.27 (1.25–1.30)

1.30 (1.28–1.33)

Migraine

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.04 (1.02–1.07)

1.04 (1.02–1.07)

Obesity

1.06 (1.05–1.07)

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

1.12 (1.11–1.13)

Traumatic brain injury

2.31 (2.18–2.45)

1.70 (1.62–1.78)

1.46 (1.38–1.55)

Vascular diseases and metabolic disorders

Atrial fibrillation

1.15 (1.14–1.16)

1.10 (1.09–1.12)

1.11 (1.10–1.12)

Carotid artery stenosis

1.11 (1.09–1.12)

1.12 (1.11–1.13)

1.14 (1.12–1.15)

Cerebrovascular disease

1.75 (1.74–1.77)

1.55 (1.54–1.57)

1.42 (1.40–1.43)

Hypercholesterolaemia

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

1.09 (1.08–1.10)

Hypertension

1.30 (1.29–1.31)

1.38 (1.37–1.39)

1.32 (1.31–1.33)

Ischemic heart disease

1.15 (1.14–1.16)

1.16 (1.15–1.17)

1.17 (1.16–1.18)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

1.28 (1.27–1.29)

1.29 (1.28–1.30)

1.31 (1.29–1.32)

Infections

Acute upper respiratory infection

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

Antibiotic resistance

1.48 (1.30–1.69)

1.32 (1.16–1.49)

1.28 (1.04–1.58)

Cystitis

1.15 (1.13–1.17)

1.11 (1.10–1.13)

1.12 (1.10–1.13)

Pneumonia

1.16 (1.13–1.19)

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

1.06 (1.04–1.08)

Sepsis

1.51 (1.42–1.61)

1.27 (1.20–1.34)

1.24 (1.15–1.34)

Gastrointestinal disorders

Crohns disease

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.06 (1.00–1.13)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

Duodenal ulcer

1.21 (1.16–1.26)

1.19 (1.15–1.23)

1.21 (1.16–1.25)

Gastritis

1.18 (1.17–1.19)

1.16 (1.15–1.17)

1.16 (1.14–1.17)

Reflux disease

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

1.09 (1.08–1.10)

Stomach ulcer

1.23 (1.19–1.28)

1.20 (1.17–1.24)

1.20 (1.17–1.24)

Ulcerative colitis

1.06 (1.02–1.12)

1.09 (1.05–1.14)

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

Comorbidities

Epilepsy

2.23 (2.18–2.28)

1.99 (1.95–2.04)

1.88 (1.83–1.94)

Multiple sclerosis

1.58 (1.47–1.71)

1.55 (1.44–1.66)

1.55 (1.43–1.67)

Parkinsons disease

2.78 (2.72–2.83)

2.43 (2.38–2.47)

2.23 (2.17–2.28)

General symptoms and conditions

Cancer

0.87 (0.86–0.88)

0.93 (0.92–0.94)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

Ostearthritis

1.05 (1.05–1.06)

1.09 (1.08–1.10)

1.11 (1.10–1.12)

Other rheumatoid arthritis

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.05 (1.03–1.06)

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

Senility

1.32 (1.30–1.33)

1.24 (1.23–1.25)

1.17 (1.15–1.18)

Unspecific pain

1.24 (1.22–1.25)

1.22 (1.21–1.23)

1.22 (1.21–1.23)