Table 1 Plasma and retinal biomarkers compared between preclinical Alzheimer’s disease and control older adults for the multimodal model cohort
Variable | Control | Preclinical AD | Test statistic, p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Participants, eyes | N = 14, 25 eyes | N = 18, 32 eyes | |
Age, (Mean ± SD) | 69 ± 4 years | 66 ± 5 years | -2.00, p = 0.06§ |
Gender (Male/Female) | 4/10 | 4/14 | 0.17, p = 0.68† |
Plasma Biomarkers, (Mean ± SD) | |||
p-tau217 | 0.27 ± 0.085 | 0.69 ± 0.38 | -5.55, p < 0.001*§ |
Aβ42/40 | 0.045 ± 0.01 | 0.047 ± 0.01 | -1.09, p = 0.14§ |
p-tau181 | 5.72 ± 6.8 | 10.5 ± 15.3 | -1.46, p = 0.08§ |
NfL | 12.8 ± 4.2 | 13.1 ± 4.89 | -0.24, p = 0.41§ |
Retinal Biomarkers, (Mean ± SD) | |||
Putative retinal gliosis (mm2) | 0.7 ± 0.39 | 1.0 ± 0.55 | -2.27, p = 0.01*§ |
Central RNFL thickness (µm) | 11.56 ± 2.08 | 11.88 ± 2.28 | -0.54, p = 0.30§ |
Inner nasal RNFL thickness (µm) | 20.08 ± 2.12 | 20.78 ± 1.99 | -1.28, p = 0.10§ |
Outer nasal RNFL thickness (µm) | 48.68 ± 8.09 | 49.75 ± 9.67 | -0.45, p = 0.33§ |
Inner superior RNFL thickness (µm) | 23.2 ± 2.97 | 24.19 ± 3.22 | -1.19, p = 0.12§ |
Outer superior RNFL thickness (µm) | 37.12 ± 5.43 | 38.59 ± 6.61 | -0.90, p = 0.19§ |
Inner temporal RNFL thickness (µm) | 17.64 ± 1.47 | 17.28 ± 1.197 | 1.01, p = 0.16§ |
Outer temporal RNFL thickness (µm) | 19.84 ± 1.70 | 19.88 ± 1.72 | -0.08, p = 0.47§ |
Inner inferior RNFL thickness (µm) | 24.4 ± 3.21 | 24.97 ± 3.02 | -0.69, p = 0.25§ |
Outer inferior RNFL thickness (µm) | 39.24 ± 6.62 | 41.34 ± 10.06 | -0.90, p = 0.19§ |