Fig. 2

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression with risk of alzheimer’s disease

Forest plot of the association between a 1-SD change in expression of ACE gene in blood or brain with risk for AD (A), Discovery (B), Replication. Data are represented as odds ratio (ORs) with 95% CI (error bars). The change in the direction of gene expression reflects the BP-lowering association. Thus, an OR greater than 1.00 suggests an increased risk of disease associated with BP-lowering drug treatment. P_smr, the SMR estimated based on TopSNP