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Table 1 Summary of phenotypic scanning and reverse causality detection on the candidate causative gene ACE and alzheimer’s disease (Discovery)

From: Association of antihypertensive drug target genes with alzheimer’s disease: a mendelian randomization study

Tissue

Gene

Source

TopSNP

P.smr

P.smr_multi

P.value_HEIDI

Steiger filter

Co.localization.PPH4

Previously reported association

Blood

ACE

eQTLGen

rs4277405

5.04E-09

5.04E-09

0.57

7.14E-13

0.909

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer’s disease related proteins; Diastolic blood pressure; blood pressure medication; Self-reported hypertension; high blood pressure

Brain_prefrontal_cortex

ACE

PsychENCODE

rs6504163

4.73E-07

4.73E-07

0.24

8.25E-08

0.995

Brain_frontal_cortex

ACE

GTEx V8

rs4291

3.25E-06

3.25E-06

NA

1.01E-05

0.991

Brain_cerebellum

ACE

GTEx V8

rs4292

1.33E-06

1.33E-06

NA

2.40E-06

0.995

Brain_cortex

ACE

BrainMeta V2

rs4292

1.05E-13

2.52E-11

0.18

2.40E-06

0.997

  1. ACE, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme; TopSNP, the SNP with the smallest p-value; P.smr, SMR estimated based on TopSNP; P.smr_multi, SMR estimated based on multiple SNPs