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Table 2 Summary of phenotypic scanning and reverse causality detection on the candidate causative gene ACE and Alzheimer’s disease (Replication)

From: Association of antihypertensive drug target genes with alzheimer’s disease: a mendelian randomization study

Tissue

Gene

Source

TopSNP

P.smr

P.smr_multi

P.value_HEIDI

Steiger filter

Co.localization.PPH4

Previously reported association

Blood

ACE

eQTLGen

rs4277405

5.49E-04

5.49E-04

0.522

2.06E-13

0.221

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer’s disease related proteins; Diastolic blood pressure; blood pressure medication; Self-reported hypertension; high blood pressure

Brain_prefrontal_cortex

ACE

PsychENCODE

rs6504163

8.42E-04

8.42E-04

0.821

7.33E-07

0.896

Brain_frontal_cortex

ACE

GTEx V8

rs4291

2.33E-03

2.33E-03

NA

4.16E-06

0.864

Brain_cerebellum

ACE

GTEx V8

rs4308

1.84E-03

1.84E-03

NA

4.04E-08

0.864

Brain_cortex

ACE

BrainMeta V2

rs4292

4.11E-04

6.87E-03

0.187

9.23E-07

0.014

  1. ACE, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme; TopSNP, the SNP with the smallest p-value; P.smr, SMR estimated based on TopSNP; P.smr_multi, SMR estimated based on multiple SNPs