Fig. 1

DOR activation improved cognitive performance of APP/PS1 mice. WT: wild type C57 mice treated with saline intraperitoneally; AD: APP/PS1 mice treated with saline intraperitoneally; AD + U: APP/PS1 mice treated with UFP-512 intraperitoneally; AD + D: APP/PS1 mice treated with DAMGO intraperitoneally. (A),(B) Expression profile of DOR and MOR in the cortex and hippocampus region of WT mice and AD mice. n = 3 in cortex; n = 6 in hippocampus, MOR: ^*p = 0.0136 vs. WT in Fig. 1A; DOR: ^*p = 0.013 vs. WT in Fig. 1B. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the statistical significance in Fig. 1A and B. (C) Schematic diagram of mice treatment and behavioral tests. (D-G) Effects of DOR and MOR on spatial learning and memory evaluated by MWM. n = 10. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the statistical significance in Fig. 1D and F. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the statistical significance in Fig. 1E. (D) The swimming speed was recorded during visible platform tests. (E) Escape latency during hidden platform tests was recorded every training day. ^**p < 0.0012 or 0.0014 vs. WT. (F) A probe trial was performed on Day 10. The number of mice crossing the previous platform located quadrant and the time mice spent in the target quadrant were recorded. Left panel: ^*p = 0.0160 or 0.0148 vs. WT; ^Δp = 0.0322 vs. AD. Right panel: ^*p = 0.0207 vs. WT; ^Δp = 0.0189 vs. AD. (G) Representative trajectory chart of mice in MWM test. (H) Effects of DOR and MOR on mice recognitive abilities evaluated by NOR. n = 10. Day 13: ^*p = 0.0479 vs. WT; ^ΔΔp = 0.0011 vs. AD. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the statistical significance in Fig. 1H