Fig. 2

Scatter Plots Depicting the Relationship Between eGFR and Plasma Biomarkers in Aβ-Positive and Aβ-Negative Individuals a eGFR and BBM levels. Scatter plots in the upper half of the layout showing the relationship between eGFR and Alzheimer's disease blood-based biomarkers (BBM) across the entire cohort. The plots illustrate an inverse trend between eGFR and several biomarkers, including Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, NfL, and GFAP. A positive trend is observed for the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. NTA-tau does not appear to show a significant relationship with eGFR. Grey points represent Aβ-negative individuals, while orange points represent Aβ-positive individuals. Non-linear regression lines, represented by solid curves, are fitted using a generalized additive model with cubic splines (3 knots), and the shaded areas around them indicate 95% confidence intervals. Spearman’s rho is used to numerically represent the associations. b – eGFR and BBM levels according to Aβ status. Scatter plots illustrating the relationship between eGFR and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, stratified by amyloid status (Aβ-negative and Aβ-positive). In the Aβ-negative group (grey points), an inverse relationship is seen between eGFR and several biomarkers, including Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, NfL, and GFAP, with a positive relationship for the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. In the Aβ-positive group (orange points), the relationship between eGFR and these biomarkers is generally weaker, with fewer noticeable trends compared to the Aβ-negative group. Non-linear regression lines, represented by solid curves, are fitted using a generalized additive model with cubic splines (3 knots), and the shaded areas around them indicate 95% confidence intervals. Spearman’s rho is used to numerically represent the associations