Fig. 9

The effect of 3-MA on mitophagy, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of cornuside. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4–6). A Protein levels of PINK1, SQSTM1/p62, Parkin, BNIP3, FUNDC1 and LC3B. B. The red/green ratio of JC-1 was measured by flow cytometry. C. mtROS levels were measured by flow cytometry. D-G. cytokines levels in the supernatant. H, I. Protein levels of NLRP3, Pro-caspase-1, GSDMD-NT, Pro-IL-1β, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β. J. LDH leakage in supernatant. K, L. Flow cytometric representation and statistical analysis of apoptosis in conditioned medium. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001