Probing locus coeruleus functional network in healthy aging and its association with Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers using pupillometry

Table 1 Demographics, CSF, and neuropsychological assessments

	Groups		Older vs. Younger¹
	Younger	Older	t-statistic	P-value
N	37	39
Age (years)	30.6 ± 10.6	66.0 ± 5.7	18.248	< 0.001^***
Sex (male)	15	7		0.051
Education (years)	16.8 ± 1.3	16.4 ± 2.0	-1.048	0.372
Aβ (pg/dl)	NA	535.5 ± 145.2	NA
T-tau (pg/dl)	NA	58.6 ± 28.9	NA
P-tau (pg/dl)	NA	29.7 ± 13.9	NA
T-tau/Aβ ratio	NA	0.128 ± 0.092	NA
MoCA	28.6 ± 1.3	26.4 ± 2.6	-3.114	0.020^*
FCSRT free recall	40.4 ± 4.6	35.9 ± 3.4	-2.928	0.025^*
RCFT immediate free recall	26.2 ± 3.7	19.1 ± 7.3	-2.556	0.034^*
RCFT delayed free recall	25.3 ± 4.0	16.8 ± 8.3	-2.838	0.025^*
Recognition of RCFT elements	21.8 ± 1.0	19.9 ± 1.7	-3.353	0.016^*
RCFT copy accuracy score	33.2 ± 3.2	32.2 ± 2.9	-0.378	0.759
JoLO	25.4 ± 2.9	24.2 ± 4.2	-0.187	0.853
Letter Fluency (FAS)	45.9 ± 7.8	43.2 ± 10.7	-0.601	0.637
Animal Fluency	24.4 ± 4.4	22.8 ± 3.8	-1.306	0.275
TMTA	25.6 ± 9.6	35.8 ± 13.4	2.270	0.051
TMTB	52.4 ± 11.2	76.4 ± 30.7	2.693	0.029^*
TMTB - TMTA	26.8 ± 11.1	40.6 ± 22.5	2.089	0.068

Aβ, Amyloid-β 1–42; T-tau, total tau; P-tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test; JoLO, Judgment of Line Orientation; TMTA, Trail Making Test Part A; TMTB, Trail Making Test Part B
¹Group differences between older (> 57 years) and younger (< 57 years) adults were evaluated using an independent t-test (for age and education), a chi-square test (for sex), general linear models with sex as a covariate (for cerebrospinal fluid and neuropsychological assessments)
Significant at ^*P < 0.05 and ^***P < 0.001, false discovery rate corrected

ISSN: 1758-9193