Fig. 4

PBM reduced neuroinflammation in mice with AD. A Representative immunofluorescence images of anti-Aβ (red) and anti-IBA1 (green) antibodies in the mouse hippocampus and cortex. Scale bar: 100 μm. A magnified images show the location of typical Aβ in microglia. Scale bar: 20 μm. B Manders’ Colocalization Coefficients (MCC) scores between microglia (Ch1) and Aβ (Ch2) (tM1, above the auto-threshold of Ch2) in the hippocampus and Cortex. C The expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in brain tissue of mice. D The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in mouse brain tissue. Experimental data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Compared with the CON group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Compared with the AD group, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001