The cost effectiveness of a multidomain intervention on physical, cognitive, vascular, dietary and psychosocial outcomes among community dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty in Malaysia: The AGELESS Trial

Ponvel, Pavapriya; Shahar, Suzana; Singh, Devinder Kaur Ajit; Ludin, Arimi Fitri Mat; Subramaniam, Ponnusamy; Ibrahim, Norhayati; Haron, Hasnah; Ismail, Aniza; Ai-Vyrn, Chin; Mohamad, Mazlyfarina; Fadzil, Hidayah; Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa; Safien, A’isyah Mohammad; Hanipah, Jamilah Mohammad; Ibrahim, Azyana; Lehtisalo, Jenni; Kivipelto, Miia; Mangialasche, Francesca

doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01722-w

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 3 Effectiveness of the AGELESS Multidomain Intervention on Secondary outcome (Anthropometry and Body Composition) (Presented as mean ± SD)

From: The cost effectiveness of a multidomain intervention on physical, cognitive, vascular, dietary and psychosocial outcomes among community dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty in Malaysia: The AGELESS Trial

				Time effect			Group effect			Interaction
Parameter	Timeline	Intervention (n = 53)	Control (n = 53)	p-value	Partial Eta Squared	Power	p-value	Partial Eta Squared	Power	p-value	Partial eta squared	Power
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	Baseline	28.5 ± 5.8	26.4 ± 4.6	0.62	0.01	0.17	0.06	0.03	0.48	0.91	0.00	0.09
	6th month	28.5 ± 5.6	26.3 ± 5.6
	12th month	28.5 ± 5.7	26.2 ± 4.6
	24th month	28.5 ± 5.7	26.0 ± 4.6
Mid upper arm circumference (cm)	Baseline	29.3 ± 4.1	27.7 ± 3.3	0.47	0.01	0.23	0.042*	0.04	0.53	0.31	0.01	0.32
	6th month	29.6 ± 4.2	27.7 ± 3.3
	12th month	29.5 ± 4.1	28.8 ± 8.9
	24th month	29.8 ± 4.1	27.6 ± 3.6
Waist circumference (cm)	Baseline	97.6 ± 13.9	92.7 ± 10.9	< 0.05*	0.04	0.66	0.12	0.02	0.35	< 0.005*	0.07	0.92
	6th month	97.5 ± 13.7	92.8 ± 11.0
	12th month	96.0 ± 13.5	91.8 ± 11.7
	24th month	94.9 ± 12.7	93.7 ± 11.8
Hip circumference (cm)	Baseline	102.5 ± 13.9	99.8 ± 10.7	0.40	0.01	0.27	0.17	0.03	0.27	0.12	0.02	0.50
	6th month	102.5 ± 13.9	99.9 ± 10.0
	12th month	102.4 ± 13.9	98.2 ± 12.9
	24th month	101.5 ± 13.3	100.3 ± 10.3
Calf circumference (cm)	Baseline	35.2 ± 3.8	36.1 ± 10.7	0.79	0.00	0.12	0.33	0.02	0.16	0.11	0.02	0.53
	6th month	35.2 ± 3.9	36.1 ± 10.7
	12th month	35.4 ± 3.9	34.9 ± 4.3
	24th month	36.0 ± 3.8	34.7 ± 4.1
Waist hip ratio	Baseline	0.96 ± 0.1	0.96 ± 0.1	0.95	0.00	0.07	0.31	0.01	0.18	0.36	0.01	0.29
	6th month	0.95 ± 0.1	0.95 ± 0.1
	12th month	0.94 ± 0.1	0.94 ± 0.1
	24th month	0.93 ± 0.1	0.93 ± 0.1
Body fat mass (kg)	Baseline	27.4 ± 11.4	23.9 ± 8.1	0.28	0.01	0.27	0.06	0.03	0.46	< 0.05*	0.03	0.61
	6th month	27.1 ± 11.0	23.2 ± 8.1
	12th month	27.4 ± 11.0	23.3 ± 8.0
	24th month	26.8 ± 10.9	24.1 ± 8.7
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	Baseline	22.2 ± 4.4	21.6 ± 4.6	0.55	0.01	0.20	0.47	0.01	0.11	< 0.05*	0.03	0.66
	6th month	22.4 ± 4.3	21.8 ± 4.5
	12th month	22.1 ± 4.2	21.7 ± 4.7
	24th month	22.6 ± 4.1	21.5 ± 4.8
Triglyceride (mmol/l)	Baseline	1.49 ± 0.69	1.35 ± 0.45	0.19	0.02	0.42	0.32	0.01	0.17	0.26	0.01	0.36
	6th month	1.54 ± 0.54	1.37 ± 0.58
	12th month	1.46 ± 0.50	1.43 ± 0.64
	24th month	1.49 ± 0.56	1.42 ± 0.54
Total Cholesterol (mmol/l)	Baseline	5.23 ± 1.10	5.13 ± 1.36	0.91	0.00	0.08	0.65	0.00	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.58
	6th month	5.32 ± 1.03	5.00 ± 1.24
	12th month	5.07 ± 1.09	5.03 ± 1.25
	24th month	5.18 ± 1.12	5.19 ± 1.23
HDL (mmol/l)	Baseline	1.40 ± 0.32	1.43 ± 0.53	0.40	0.01	0.27	0.92	0.00	0.05	0.76	0.00	0.13
	6th month	1.40 ± 0.32	1.43 ± 0.65
	12th month	1.40 ± 0.33	1.36 ± 0.31
	24th month	1.38 ± 0.31	1.37 ± 0.29
LDL (mmol/l)	Baseline	3.09 ± 1.04	3.09 ± 1.04	0.41	0.01	0.26	0.98	0.01	0.05	0.13	0.02	0.49
	6th month	3.24 ± 0.96	3.24 ± 0.96
	12th month	3.09 ± 1.04	3.09 ± 1.04
	24th month	3.15 ± 1.05	3.15 ± 1.05
FBG (mmol/l)	Baseline	6.25 ± 1.69	6.19 ± 2.45	0.55	0.01	0.20	0.29	0.11	0.19	0.28	0.13	0.34
	6th month	6.77 ± 2.73	6.08 ± 2.30
	12th month	6.55 ± 2.43	6.14 ± 2.18
	24th month	6.91 ± 2.86	6.17 ± 2.00
HbA1c (%)	Baseline	6.43 ± 1.25	6.53 ± 1.63	0.68	0.01	0.15	0.90	0.01	0.05	0.15	0.02	0.47
	6th month	6.50 ± 1.43	6.49 ± 1.43
	12th month	6.69 ± 1.64	6.54 ± 1.76
	24th month	6.53 ± 1.59	6.30 ± 1.32
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)	Baseline	7.62 ± 1.94	7.70 ± 2.58	0.65	0.01	0.16	0.73	0.00	0.06	0.22	0.01	0.39
	6th month	7.74 ± 2.25	7.54 ± 2.29
	12th month	8.02 ± 2.59	7.72 ± 2.81
	24th month	7.77 ± 2.51	7.35 ± 2.09
HOMA-IR	Baseline	3.33 ± 1.47	1.87 ± 0.68	0.26	0.01	0.36	< 0.05*	0.05	0.55	0.67	0.01	0.16
	6th month	3.19 ± 1.44	2.57 ± 1.27
	12th month	3.27 ± 1.61	2.43 ± 1.14
	24th month	5.36 ± 5.13	4.81 ± 6.43

FBG Fasting Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Module Assessment for Insulin Resistance
^*p < 0.05, two way mixed ANOVA, adjusted for age, gender, years of education, household income, body mass index

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