The cost effectiveness of a multidomain intervention on physical, cognitive, vascular, dietary and psychosocial outcomes among community dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty in Malaysia: The AGELESS Trial

Ponvel, Pavapriya; Shahar, Suzana; Singh, Devinder Kaur Ajit; Ludin, Arimi Fitri Mat; Subramaniam, Ponnusamy; Ibrahim, Norhayati; Haron, Hasnah; Ismail, Aniza; Ai-Vyrn, Chin; Mohamad, Mazlyfarina; Fadzil, Hidayah; Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa; Safien, A’isyah Mohammad; Hanipah, Jamilah Mohammad; Ibrahim, Azyana; Lehtisalo, Jenni; Kivipelto, Miia; Mangialasche, Francesca

doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01722-w

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 4 Effectiveness of the AGELESS Multidomain Intervention on Secondary Outcomes (Dietary intake and food group) (Presented as mean ± SD)

From: The cost effectiveness of a multidomain intervention on physical, cognitive, vascular, dietary and psychosocial outcomes among community dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty in Malaysia: The AGELESS Trial

				Time effect			Group effect			Interaction
Parameter	Timeline	Intervention (n = 53)	Control (n = 53)	p-value	Partial Eta Squared	Power	p-value	Partial Eta Squared	Power	p-value	Partial Eta Squared	Power
Energy (kcal/day)	Baseline	1257 ± 391	1257 ± 331	0.14	0.02	0.48	0.81	0.00	0.06	< 0.05	0.03	0.71
	6th month	1174 ± 354	1257 ± 283
	12th month	1286 ± 339	1203 ± 305
	24th month	1309 ± 327	1258 ± 267
Protein (% of energy)	Baseline	16.2 ± 3.7	16.1 ± 2.7	< 0.001	0.08	1.00	0.19	0.02	0.25	< 0.001	0.12	1.00
	6th month	15.1 ± 3.2	15.8 ± 3.2
	12th month	14.9 ± 2.5	15.3 ± 2.6
	24th month	18.6 ± 5.2	15.1 ± 2.9
Niacin (mg/day)	Baseline	6.7 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 7.1	0.46	0.01	0.24	0.64	0.00	0.08	< 0.05	0.03	0.74
	6th month	7.1 ± 3.6	7.4 ± 3.6
	12th month	8.8 ± 9.2	7.3 ± 2.5
	24th month	9.2 ± 8.9	7.2 ± 2.5
Calcium (mg/day)	Baseline	332.0 ± 246.5	431.9 ± 294.3	0.19	0.02	0.42	0.95	0.00	0.05	< 0.001	0.07	0.99
	6th month	340.6 ± 232.9	423.0 ± 274.5
	12th month	412.3 ± 362.3	369.8 ± 264.9
	24th month	497.2 ± 358.8	367.9 ± 268.3
Vegetables (serving/day)	Baseline	1.56 ± 0.90	1.44 ± 1.33	0.31	0.01	0.25	< 0.001	0.64	1.00	< 0.001	0.32	1.00
	6th month	2.82 ± 0.71	0.99 ± 0.64
	12th month	3.11 ± 0.37	1.06 ± 0.67
	24th month	3.07 ± 0.65	1.07 ± 0.73
Fruits (serving/day)	Baseline	1.35 ± 0.64	1.02 ± 0.83	0.78	0.00	0.11	< 0.001	0.42	1.00	< 0.001	0.14	1.00
	6th month	1.84 ± 0.97	0.91 ± 0.75
	12th month	2.16 ± 0.75	0.88 ± 0.67
	24th month	2.00 ± 0.80	0.81 ± 0.58
Fish (serving/day)	Baseline	1.02 ± 0.51	0.95 ± 0.69	0.11	0.02	0.49	< 0.001	0.15	0.99	< 0.005	0.07	0.95
	6th month	1.27 ± 0.71	0.82 ± 0.59
	12th month	1.40 ± 0.60	0.85 ± 0.29
	24th month	1.37 ± 0.67	0.83 ± 0.63
Legume (serving/day)	Baseline	0.47 ± 0.47	0.37 ± 0.49	0.76	0.00	0.11	< 0.003	0.38	1.00	< 0.001	0.15	1.00
	6th month	0.72 ± 0.52	0.29 ± 0.30
	12th month	1.05 ± 0.29	0.28 ± 0.67
	24th month	1.04 ± 0.53	0.36 ± 0.41
Milk & milk products (serving/day)	Baseline	0.50 ± 0.83	0.45 ± 0.81	0.74	0.00	0.11	0.21	0.02	0.24	< 0.05	0.04	0.81
	6th month	0.62 ± 0.85	0.94 ± 0.64
	12th month	0.74 ± 0.97	0.45 ± 0.71
	24th month	0.92 ± 0.97	0.46 ± 0.76

^*p < 0.05, two way mixed ANOVA, adjusted for age, gender, years of education, household income, and body mass index

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