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Table 1 Characteristics of participants at baseline, overall and according to dementia status at the end of follow-up in the Whitehall II and UK biobank cohort studies

From: Optimizing midlife metabolic syndrome thresholds for dementia: a prospective study of two UK population-based cohorts

 

WHITEHALL II

 

UK BIOBANK

Total

Population

Dementia

Total

Population

Dementia

No

Yes

p

No

Yes

p

N

6,137

5,615

522

  

171,886

171,468

418

 

Age, M(SD)

55.1 (2.9)

55.0 (2.9)

56.2 (2.5)

< 0.001

 

50.7 (5.6)

50.7 (5.6)

57.1 (1.9)

< 0.001

Sex, women

1,756 (28.6)

1,575 (28.1)

181 (34.7)

0.001

 

92,444 (53.8)

92,266 (53.8)

178 (42.6)

< 0.001

Education, low

2,690 (43.8)

2,397 (42.7)

293 (56.1)

< 0.001

 

12,978 (7.6)

12,889 (7.5)

89 (21.3)

< 0.001

Marital status, singlea

870 (14.2)

797 (14.0)

83 (15.9)

0.24

 

27,541 (16.0)

27,450 (16.0)

91 (21.8)

0.001

Smoking, current smokers

710 (11.6)

645 (11.5)

65 (12.5)

0.76

 

19,995 (11.6)

19,933 (11.6)

62 (14.8)

0.01

Alcohol, moderate drinkers

3,346 (54.5)

3,075 (54.8)

271 (51.9)

< 0.001

 

62,633 (36.4)

62,510 (36.5)

123 (29.4)

< 0.001

Poor dietb

1,884 (30.7)

1,706 (30.4)

178 (34.1)

0.003

 

7,393 (4.3)

7,380 (4.3)

13 (3.1)

0.49

PA, h/week, M(SD)c

3.45 (3.58)

3.46 (3.55)

3.29 (3.87)

0.02

 

2,591 (2,717)

2,591 (2,716)

2,626 (3,184)

0.80

Prevalence of CVD

287 (4.7)

266 (4.7)

21 (4.0)

0.46

 

4,120 (2.4)

4,079 (2.4)

41 (9.8)

< 0.001

Cardiometabolic components

         

 Waist Circumference, M(SD)

         

  Men

91.6 (10.3)

91.7 (10.3)

90.0 (10.1)

0.003

 

96.0 (11.3)

96.0 (11.3)

98.7 (13.3)

< 0.001

  Women

79.4 (12.3)

79.4 (12.4)

79.3 (11.7)

0.95

 

83.1 (12.4)

83.1 (12.4)

85.4 (12.1)

0.02

 Systolic blood pressure, M(SD)

123.0 (14.9)

123.0 (14.9)

123.4 (14.7)

0.55

 

133.3 (17.1)

133.3 (17.1)

140.7 (20.4)

< 0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure, M(SD)

77.6 (10.5)

77.5 (10.5)

79.6 (9.7)

< 0.001

 

82.1 (10.2)

82.1 (10.2)

83.6 (11.1)

0.002

 Triglycerides, M(SD)

1.45 (0.97)

1.45 (0.98)

1.46 (0.88)

0.84

 

1.70 (1.06)

1.70 (1.06)

1.91 (1.18)

< 0.001

 HDL-C, M(SD)

         

  Men

1.39 (0.36)

1.39 (0.36)

1.38 (0.37)

0.78

 

1.28 (0.30)

1.28 (0.30)

1.28 (0.34)

0.97

  Women

1.76 (0.45)

1.77 (0.45)

1.68 (0.46)

0.01

 

1.60 (0.37)

1.60 (0.37)

1.60 (0.43)

0.92

 Fasting glucose, M(SD)d

5.30 (0.95)

5.29 (0.95)

5.33 (1.01)

0.48

 

34.9 (6.0)

34.9 (6.0)

38.4 (10.8)

< 0.001

  1. M: mean; SD: standard deviation; PA: moderate-vigorous physical activity; CVD: cardiovascular disease (stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure); HDL-C: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Data are n (%), unless otherwise specified
  2. aLiving alone in UK Biobank
  3. bPoor diet defined by consumption of fruit and vegetables less than daily
  4. cMetabolic equivalent of task (MET; minutes per week) in UK Biobank, M(SD)
  5. dGlycated haemoglobin in mmol/mol in UK Biobank, M(SD)
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193